Transitioning from traditional electrical grids to smart grids is currently an ongoing process that many nations are striving for due to their access to renewable resources. Energy management is one of the key parameters that decides the performance of such complex systems. Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) is a promising technique that can be used to improve the energy management of grid-connected systems. This paper analyzes a grid-connected inverter system with DMPC that exchanges key operating parameters with the grid to optimize coordinated power sharing between its respective loads. The state-space model for the inverter is derived and verified to ensure controllability and observability. A state observer for an inverter system is then developed to estimate the nominal states in the derived state-space model. The system performance is evaluated with MATLAB simulation by implementing load disturbances, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed power management control algorithm.

Curtovirus spp., a group of widely distributed geminiviruses, are among the most significant plant pathogens in the United States. Beet curly top virus (BCTV), vectored by the beet leafhopper [ Circulifer ( Neoaliturus ) tenellus Baker], causes severe economic losses in crops such as tomatoes, peppers, dry beans, sugar beets, melons, and leafy greens, particularly in the western United States. In New Mexico, chile ( Capsicum annuum ) is vulnerable, with infected plants exhibiting symptoms such as stunting, chlorotic and curled leaves, misshapen fruits, reduced yields, and plant death. Yield losses can reach up to 50% in some years. Current management strategies, including pesticide applications, provide limited protection, leaving growers with substantial losses. Research indicates beet leafhoppers prefer full sun and avoid shaded areas, suggesting potential for innovative pest management strategies. 

A method and system for determining the state of one or both of an electrical conductor or an associated system utilizing a non-invasive sensor and a magnetostrictive response from the current of the electrical conductor. The method includes providing a sensor assembly including a magnetostrictive resonator sensor and a signal detector. A state of one or both of the electrical conductor or the associated system is determined with the fault detector in response to a first frequency profile and a second frequency profile obtained with the magnetostrictive resonator sensor. A fault monitoring system utilizing a magnetostrictive resonator sensor is also disclosed.